N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u2014ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u1edbm m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n\u2014h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a DAP \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin. H\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng cao v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (DAP) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3. DAP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em\u2014v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo NAEYC (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em), thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khung n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/em> V\u00e0 “<\/em><\/span>C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m<\/span> th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf?\u201d<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn linh ho\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 khi NAEYC \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 DAP, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi sinh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng\u2014nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, NAEYC \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng DAP c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 DAP v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Sue Bredekamp<\/a>, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NAEYC v\u1ec1 DAP. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Carol Copple \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 Jean Piaget<\/a>, Lev Vygotsky<\/a>, V\u00e0 Erik Erikson<\/a>, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DAP. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DAP kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao DAP c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (DAP) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, DAP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb em b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 DAP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. Khi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh cho tr\u1ebb em th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tham gia, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ed1t, DAP x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc xung quanh ch\u00fang, thay v\u00ec mong \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc DAP c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng qua DAP\u2014t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c\u2014\u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u1ea5p m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DAP cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1ebb em v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em trong khi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/winningkidz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Is-Developmentally-Appropriate-Practice-1024x448.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau DAP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/winningkidz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sue-Bredekamp-1024x448.webp\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nT\u1ea1i sao th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1ebb em h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
9 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n